What category of species does Appendix 1 under CITES include?

Appendix 1 under CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) includes species that are most endangered and require strict controls to help prevent their extinction. These species are considered to be at a high risk of extinction in the wild and thus are afforded the highest level of protection under the convention.

The focus is on preventing international trade that could further imperil these species, which is paramount for their survival. As a result, any trade in these species is only permitted in exceptional circumstances and under stringent conditions to enhance their conservation status. This selective protection aims to maintain these species and their habitats within their natural ecosystems.

In contrast, the other options describe different categories of species with varying conservation statuses that do not align with the strict protections mandated for Appendix 1 species.